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Laws affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or territory—everything from legal recognition of same-sex marriage or other types of partnerships, to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex romantic/sexual activity or identity. LGBT rights are considered human rights by the Amnesty International〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=About LGBT Human Rights )〕 and civil rights by some. LGBT rights laws include, but are not limited to, the following: * allowing of men who have sex with men to donate blood * government recognition of same-sex relationships (such as via same-sex marriage or similar unions) * allowing of LGBT adoption * recognition of LGBT parenting * anti-bullying legislation and student non-discrimination laws to protect LGBT children and/or students * immigration equality laws * anti-discrimination laws for employment and housing * hate crime laws providing enhanced criminal penalties for prejudice-motivated violence against LGBT people * equal age of consent laws * equal access to assisted reproductive technology * access to sex reassignment surgery and hormone replacement therapy * legal recognition and accommodation of reassigned gender * laws related to sexual orientation and military service As of July 2015, eighteen countries, most of them located in the Americas and Western Europe, recognize same-sex marriage and grant most of (if not all) the other rights listed above to its LGBT citizens. Anti-LGBT laws include, but are not limited to, the following: sodomy laws penalizing consensual same-sex sexual activity with fines, jail terms, or the death penalty; anti-"lesbianism" laws; and higher ages of consent for same-sex activity. In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, which was followed up with a report from the UN Human Rights Commission documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crime, criminalization of homosexuality, and discrimination. Following up on the report, the UN Human Rights Commission urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people )〕 As of July 2015, seventy two countries as well as five sub-national jurisdictions have laws criminalizing homosexuality, most of them are located in Asia and Africa ==History of LGBT-related laws== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LGBT rights by country or territory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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